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#!/usr/bin/env python
#
# Copyright 2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
#
# This file is part of GNU Radio
#
# GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
# any later version.
#
# GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
# the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,
# Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
#
"""
BER simulation for QPSK signals, compare to theoretical values.
Change the N_BITS value to simulate more bits per Eb/N0 value,
thus allowing to check for lower BER values.
Lower values will work faster, higher values will use a lot of RAM.
Also, this app isn't highly optimized--the flow graph is completely
reinstantiated for every Eb/N0 value.
Of course, expect the maximum value for BER to be one order of
magnitude below what you chose for N_BITS.
"""
import math
import numpy
from gnuradio import gr, digital
from gnuradio import analog
from gnuradio import blocks
try:
from scipy.special import erfc
except ImportError:
print "Error: could not import scipy (http://www.scipy.org/)"
sys.exit(1)
try:
import pylab
except ImportError:
print "Error: could not import pylab (http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/)"
sys.exit(1)
# Best to choose powers of 10
N_BITS = 1e7
RAND_SEED = 42
def berawgn(EbN0):
""" Calculates theoretical bit error rate in AWGN (for BPSK and given Eb/N0) """
return 0.5 * erfc(math.sqrt(10**(float(EbN0)/10)))
class BitErrors(gr.hier_block2):
""" Two inputs: true and received bits. We compare them and
add up the number of incorrect bits. Because integrate_ff()
can only add up a certain number of values, the output is
not a scalar, but a sequence of values, the sum of which is
the BER. """
def __init__(self, bits_per_byte):
gr.hier_block2.__init__(self, "BitErrors",
gr.io_signature(2, 2, gr.sizeof_char),
gr.io_signature(1, 1, gr.sizeof_int))
# Bit comparison
comp = blocks.xor_bb()
intdump_decim = 100000
if N_BITS < intdump_decim:
intdump_decim = int(N_BITS)
self.connect(self,
comp,
gr.unpack_k_bits_bb(bits_per_byte),
blocks.uchar_to_float(),
blocks.integrate_ff(intdump_decim),
blocks.multiply_const_ff(1.0/N_BITS),
self)
self.connect((self, 1), (comp, 1))
class BERAWGNSimu(gr.top_block):
" This contains the simulation flow graph "
def __init__(self, EbN0):
gr.top_block.__init__(self)
self.const = digital.qpsk_constellation()
# Source is N_BITS bits, non-repeated
data = map(int, numpy.random.randint(0, self.const.arity(), N_BITS/self.const.bits_per_symbol()))
src = gr.vector_source_b(data, False)
mod = digital.chunks_to_symbols_bc((self.const.points()), 1)
add = blocks.add_vcc()
noise = analog.noise_source_c(analog.GR_GAUSSIAN,
self.EbN0_to_noise_voltage(EbN0),
RAND_SEED)
demod = digital.constellation_decoder_cb(self.const.base())
ber = BitErrors(self.const.bits_per_symbol())
self.sink = gr.vector_sink_f()
self.connect(src, mod, add, demod, ber, self.sink)
self.connect(noise, (add, 1))
self.connect(src, (ber, 1))
def EbN0_to_noise_voltage(self, EbN0):
""" Converts Eb/N0 to a single-sided noise voltage (assuming unit symbol power) """
return 1.0 / math.sqrt(2.0 * self.const.bits_per_symbol() * 10**(float(EbN0)/10))
def simulate_ber(EbN0):
""" All the work's done here: create flow graph, run, read out BER """
print "Eb/N0 = %d dB" % EbN0
fg = BERAWGNSimu(EbN0)
fg.run()
return numpy.sum(fg.sink.data())
if __name__ == "__main__":
EbN0_min = 0
EbN0_max = 15
EbN0_range = range(EbN0_min, EbN0_max+1)
ber_theory = [berawgn(x) for x in EbN0_range]
print "Simulating..."
ber_simu = [simulate_ber(x) for x in EbN0_range]
f = pylab.figure()
s = f.add_subplot(1,1,1)
s.semilogy(EbN0_range, ber_theory, 'g-.', label="Theoretical")
s.semilogy(EbN0_range, ber_simu, 'b-o', label="Simulated")
s.set_title('BER Simulation')
s.set_xlabel('Eb/N0 (dB)')
s.set_ylabel('BER')
s.legend()
s.grid()
pylab.show()
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