constellation.h

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/* -*- c++ -*- */
/*
 * Copyright 2010-2012 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 *
 * This file is part of GNU Radio
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
 *
 */
 
#ifndef INCLUDED_DIGITAL_CONSTELLATION_H
#define INCLUDED_DIGITAL_CONSTELLATION_H
 
#include <gnuradio/digital/api.h>
#include <gnuradio/digital/metric_type.h>
#include <gnuradio/gr_complex.h>
#include <pmt/pmt.h>
#include <boost/any.hpp>
#include <vector>
 
namespace gr {
namespace digital {
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation                                            */
/*                                                          */
/* Base class defining interface.                           */
/************************************************************/
 
class constellation;
typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation> constellation_sptr;
 
/*!
 * \brief An abstracted constellation object
 * \ingroup symbol_coding_blk
 *
 * \details
 * The constellation objects hold the necessary information to pass
 * around constellation information for modulators and
 * demodulators. These objects contain the mapping between the bits
 * and the constellation points used to represent them as well as
 * methods for slicing the symbol space. Various implementations are
 * possible for efficiency and ease of use.
 *
 * Standard constellations (BPSK, QPSK, QAM, etc) can be inherited
 * from this class and overloaded to perform optimized slicing and
 * constellation mappings.
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation : public std::enable_shared_from_this<constellation>
{
public:
    enum normalization_t {
        NO_NORMALIZATION,
        POWER_NORMALIZATION,
        AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION,
    };
 
    constellation(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                  std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                  unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                  unsigned int dimensionality,
                  normalization_t normalization = AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION,
                  float npwr = 1.0);
    constellation();
    virtual ~constellation();
 
    //! Normalizes the constellation
    void normalize(normalization_t normalization);
 
    //! Returns the constellation points for a symbol value
    void map_to_points(unsigned int value, gr_complex* points);
    std::vector<gr_complex> map_to_points_v(unsigned int value);
 
    //! Returns the constellation point that matches best.
    virtual unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) = 0;
    //! Takes a vector rather than a pointer.  Better for SWIG wrapping.
    unsigned int decision_maker_v(std::vector<gr_complex> sample);
    //! Also calculates the phase error.
    unsigned int decision_maker_pe(const gr_complex* sample, float* phase_error);
    //! Calculates distance.
    // unsigned int decision_maker_e(const gr_complex *sample, float *error);
 
    //! Calculates metrics for all points in the constellation.
    //! For use with the viterbi algorithm.
    virtual void calc_metric(const gr_complex* sample,
                             float* metric,
                             gr::digital::trellis_metric_type_t type);
    virtual void calc_euclidean_metric(const gr_complex* sample, float* metric);
    virtual void calc_hard_symbol_metric(const gr_complex* sample, float* metric);
 
    //! Returns the set of points in this constellation.
    std::vector<gr_complex> points() { return d_constellation; }
    //! Returns the vector of points in this constellation.
    //! Raise error if dimensionality is not one.
    std::vector<gr_complex> s_points();
    //! Returns a vector of vectors of points.
    std::vector<std::vector<gr_complex>> v_points();
    //! Whether to apply an encoding before doing differential encoding. (e.g. gray
    //! coding)
    bool apply_pre_diff_code() { return d_apply_pre_diff_code; }
    //! Whether to apply an encoding before doing differential encoding. (e.g. gray
    //! coding)
    void set_pre_diff_code(bool a) { d_apply_pre_diff_code = a; }
    //! Returns the encoding to apply before differential encoding.
    std::vector<int> pre_diff_code() { return d_pre_diff_code; }
    //! Returns the order of rotational symmetry.
    unsigned int rotational_symmetry() { return d_rotational_symmetry; }
    //! Returns the number of complex numbers in a single symbol.
    unsigned int dimensionality() { return d_dimensionality; }
 
    unsigned int bits_per_symbol()
    {
        return floor(log(double(d_constellation.size())) / d_dimensionality / log(2.0));
    }
 
    unsigned int arity() { return d_arity; }
 
    constellation_sptr base() { return shared_from_this(); }
 
    pmt::pmt_t as_pmt() { return pmt::make_any(boost::any(base())); }
 
    /*! \brief Generates the soft decision LUT based on
     *         constellation and symbol map.
     *
     * \details Generates the soft decision LUT based on
     * constellation and symbol map.  It can be given a estimate of
     * the noise power in the channel as \p npwr.
     *
     * \param precision Number of bits of precision on each axis.
     * \param npwr Estimate of the noise power (if known), defaults to -1 which will use
     * class member.
     *
     * This is expensive to compute.
     */
    void gen_soft_dec_lut(int precision, float npwr = -1);
 
    /*! \brief Calculate soft decisions for the given \p sample.
     *
     * \details Calculate the soft decisions from the given \p sample
     * at the given noise power \p npwr.
     *
     * This is a very costly algorithm (especially for higher order
     * modulations) and should be used sparingly. It uses the
     * #gen_soft_dec_lut function to generate the LUT, which
     * should be done once or if a large change in the noise floor
     * is detected.
     *
     * Instead of using this function, generate the LUT using the
     * #gen_soft_dec_lut after creating the constellation object
     * and then use the #soft_decision_maker function to return the
     * answer from the LUT.
     *
     * \param sample The complex sample to get the soft decisions.
     * \param npwr estimate of the noise power, defaults to -1 which will use class
     * member.
     */
    virtual std::vector<float> calc_soft_dec(gr_complex sample, float npwr = -1);
 
    /*! \brief Define a soft decision look-up table.
     *
     * \details Define a soft decision look-up table (LUT). Because
     * soft decisions can be calculated in various ways with various
     * levels of accuracy and complexity, this function allows
     * users to create a LUT in their own way.
     *
     * Setting the LUT here means that #has_soft_dec_lut will return
     * true. Decision vectors returned by #soft_decision_maker will
     * be calculated using this LUT.
     *
     * \param soft_dec_lut The soft decision LUT as a vector of
     *        tuples (vectors in C++) of soft decisions. Each
     *        element of the LUT is a vector of k-bit floats (where
     *        there are k bits/sample in the constellation).
     * \param precision The number of bits of precision used when
     *        generating the LUT.
     */
    void set_soft_dec_lut(const std::vector<std::vector<float>>& soft_dec_lut,
                          int precision);
 
    /*! \brief Sets the constellation noise power and recalculates LUT given \p npwr.
     *
     * \details Sets the constellation noise power and recalculates LUT given \p
     * npwr. If a LUT was defined via manual entry of a table,
     * it will be a left alone. Otherwise, the LUT will be
     * recalculated with the new noise power.
     * This member is used by calc_soft_dec primarily.
     *
     * \param npwr The noise power to use for soft decisions
     */
    void set_npwr(float npwr);
 
    //! Returns True if the soft decision LUT has been defined, False otherwise.
    bool has_soft_dec_lut();
 
 
    std::vector<std::vector<float>> soft_dec_lut();
 
 
    /*! \brief Returns the soft decisions for the given \p sample.
     *
     * \details Returns the soft decisions for the given \p
     * sample. If a LUT is defined for the object, the decisions
     * will be calculated from there. Otherwise, this function will
     * call calc_soft_dec directly to calculate the soft decisions.
     *
     * \param sample The complex sample to get the soft decisions.
     */
    std::vector<float> soft_decision_maker(gr_complex sample);
 
 
protected:
    std::vector<gr_complex> d_constellation;
    std::vector<int> d_pre_diff_code;
    bool d_apply_pre_diff_code;
    unsigned int d_rotational_symmetry;
    unsigned int d_dimensionality;
    unsigned int d_arity;
    //! The factor by which the user given constellation points were
    //! scaled by to achieve an average amplitude of 1.
    float d_scalefactor, d_maxamp;
    float d_re_min, d_re_max, d_im_min, d_im_max;
 
    std::vector<std::vector<float>> d_soft_dec_lut;
    int d_lut_precision;
    float d_lut_scale;
    float d_npwr;
    float d_padding;
    bool d_use_external_lut;
 
    float get_distance(unsigned int index, const gr_complex* sample);
    unsigned int get_closest_point(const gr_complex* sample);
    void calc_arity();
 
    void max_min_axes();
};
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_calcdist                                   */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*! \brief Calculate Euclidean distance for any constellation
 *  \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * Constellation which calculates the distance to each point in the
 * constellation for decision making. Inefficient for large
 * constellations.
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_calcdist : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_calcdist> sptr;
 
    /*!
     * Make a general constellation object that calculates the Euclidean distance for hard
     * decisions.
     *
     * \param constell List of constellation points (order of list matches pre_diff_code)
     * \param pre_diff_code List of alphabet symbols (before applying any differential
     *                      coding) (order of list matches constell)
     * \param rotational_symmetry Number of rotations around unit circle that have the
     * same representation.
     * \param dimensionality Number of dimensions to the constellation.
     * \param normalization Use AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION to normalize points to
     * mean(abs(points))=1 (default), POWER_NORMALIZATION to normalize points
     * to mean(abs(points)^2)=1 or NO_NORMALIZATION to keep the original amplitude.
     */
    static sptr make(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                     std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                     unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                     unsigned int dimensionality,
                     normalization_t normalization = AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION);
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
    // void calc_metric(gr_complex *sample, float *metric, trellis_metric_type_t type);
    // void calc_euclidean_metric(gr_complex *sample, float *metric);
    // void calc_hard_symbol_metric(gr_complex *sample, float *metric);
 
protected:
    constellation_calcdist(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                           std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                           unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                           unsigned int dimensionality,
                           normalization_t normalization = AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION);
};
 
 
/************************************************************/
/*! constellation_sector                                    */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Sectorized digital constellation
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * Constellation space is divided into sectors. Each sector is
 * associated with the nearest constellation point.
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_sector : public constellation
{
public:
    /*!
     * Make a sectorized constellation object.
     *
     * \param constell List of constellation points (order of list matches pre_diff_code)
     * \param pre_diff_code List of alphabet symbols (before applying any differential
     *                      coding) (order of list matches constell)
     * \param rotational_symmetry Number of rotations around unit circle that have the
     * same representation. \param dimensionality Number of z-axis dimensions to the
     * constellation \param n_sectors Number of sectors in the constellation.
     * \param normalization Use AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION to normalize points to
     * mean(abs(points))=1 (default), POWER_NORMALIZATION to normalize points
     * to mean(abs(points)^2)=1 or NO_NORMALIZATION to keep the original amplitude.
     */
    constellation_sector(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                         std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                         unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                         unsigned int dimensionality,
                         unsigned int n_sectors,
                         normalization_t normalization = AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION);
 
    ~constellation_sector() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    virtual unsigned int get_sector(const gr_complex* sample) = 0;
    virtual unsigned int calc_sector_value(unsigned int sector) = 0;
    void find_sector_values();
 
    unsigned int n_sectors;
 
private:
    std::vector<int> sector_values;
};
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_rect                                       */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Rectangular digital constellation
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * Only implemented for 1-(complex)dimensional constellation.
 *
 * Constellation space is divided into rectangular sectors. Each
 * sector is associated with the nearest constellation point.
 *
 * Works well for square QAM.
 *
 * Works for any generic constellation provided sectors are not
 * too large.
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_rect : public constellation_sector
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_rect> sptr;
 
    /*!
     * Make a rectangular constellation object.
     *
     * \param constell List of constellation points (order of list matches pre_diff_code)
     * \param pre_diff_code List of alphabet symbols (before applying any differential
     *                      coding) (order of list matches constell)
     * \param rotational_symmetry Number of rotations around unit circle that have the
     * same representation. \param real_sectors Number of sectors the real axis is split
     * in to. \param imag_sectors Number of sectors the imag axis is split in to. \param
     * width_real_sectors width of each real sector to calculate decision boundaries.
     * \param width_imag_sectors width of each imag sector to calculate decision
     * boundaries. \param normalization Use AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION to normalize points
     * to mean(abs(points))=1 (default), POWER_NORMALIZATION to normalize points to
     * mean(abs(points)^2)=1 or NO_NORMALIZATION to keep the original amplitude.
     */
    static constellation_rect::sptr
    make(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
         std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
         unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
         unsigned int real_sectors,
         unsigned int imag_sectors,
         float width_real_sectors,
         float width_imag_sectors,
         normalization_t normalization = AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION);
    ~constellation_rect() override;
 
protected:
    constellation_rect(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                       std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                       unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                       unsigned int real_sectors,
                       unsigned int imag_sectors,
                       float width_real_sectors,
                       float width_imag_sectors,
                       normalization_t normalization = AMPLITUDE_NORMALIZATION);
 
    unsigned int get_sector(const gr_complex* sample) override;
    gr_complex calc_sector_center(unsigned int sector);
    unsigned int calc_sector_value(unsigned int sector) override;
 
private:
    unsigned int n_real_sectors;
    unsigned int n_imag_sectors;
    float d_width_real_sectors;
    float d_width_imag_sectors;
};
 
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_expl_rect                                  */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Rectangular digital constellation.
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * Only implemented for 1-(complex)dimensional constellation.
 *
 * Constellation space is divided into rectangular sectors. Each
 * sector is associated with the nearest constellation point.
 *
 * This class is different from constellation_rect in that the
 * mapping from sector to constellation point is explicitly passed
 * into the constructor as sector_values.  Usually we do not need
 * this, since we want each sector to be automatically mapped to
 * the closest constellation point, however sometimes it's nice to
 * have the flexibility.
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_expl_rect : public constellation_rect
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_expl_rect> sptr;
 
    static sptr make(std::vector<gr_complex> constellation,
                     std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                     unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                     unsigned int real_sectors,
                     unsigned int imag_sectors,
                     float width_real_sectors,
                     float width_imag_sectors,
                     std::vector<unsigned int> sector_values);
    ~constellation_expl_rect() override;
 
protected:
    constellation_expl_rect(std::vector<gr_complex> constellation,
                            std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                            unsigned int rotational_symmetry,
                            unsigned int real_sectors,
                            unsigned int imag_sectors,
                            float width_real_sectors,
                            float width_imag_sectors,
                            std::vector<unsigned int> sector_values);
 
    unsigned int calc_sector_value(unsigned int sector) override
    {
        return d_sector_values[sector];
    }
 
private:
    std::vector<unsigned int> d_sector_values;
};
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_psk                                        */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief constellation_psk
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * Constellation space is divided into pie slices sectors.
 *
 * Each slice is associated with the nearest constellation point.
 *
 * Works well for PSK but nothing else.
 *
 * Assumes that there is a constellation point at 1.x
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_psk : public constellation_sector
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_psk> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                     std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                     unsigned int n_sectors);
 
    ~constellation_psk() override;
 
protected:
    unsigned int get_sector(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
    unsigned int calc_sector_value(unsigned int sector) override;
 
    constellation_psk(std::vector<gr_complex> constell,
                      std::vector<int> pre_diff_code,
                      unsigned int n_sectors);
};
 
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_bpsk                                       */
/*                                                          */
/* Only works for BPSK.                                     */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Digital constellation for BPSK .
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * \verbatim
   0 | 1
   \endverbatim
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_bpsk : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_bpsk> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make();
 
    ~constellation_bpsk() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    constellation_bpsk();
};
 
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_qpsk                                       */
/*                                                          */
/* Only works for QPSK.                                     */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Digital constellation for QPSK
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details Constellation diagram assumes little endian format e.g. top, left means 2
 not 1.
 * \verbatim
   01 | 11
   -------
   00 | 10
   \endverbatim
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_qpsk : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_qpsk> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make();
 
    ~constellation_qpsk() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    constellation_qpsk();
};
 
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_dqpsk                                      */
/*                                                          */
/* Works with differential encoding; slower decisions.      */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Digital constellation for DQPSK.
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * \verbatim
   01 | 00
   -------
   11 | 10
   \endverbatim
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_dqpsk : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_dqpsk> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make();
 
    ~constellation_dqpsk() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    constellation_dqpsk();
};
 
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_8psk                                       */
/*                                                          */
/* Only works for 8PSK.                                     */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Digital constellation for 8PSK.
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * \verbatim
       101 | 100
   001     |     000
   -----------------
   011     |     010
       111 | 110
   \endverbatim
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_8psk : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_8psk> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make();
 
    ~constellation_8psk() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    constellation_8psk();
};
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_8psk_natural                                       */
/*                                                          */
/* Only works for natural 8psk                                     */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Digital constellation for natually mapped 8PSK.
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * \verbatim
       011 | 010
   100     |     001
   -----------------
   101     |     000
       110 | 111
   \endverbatim
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_8psk_natural : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_8psk_natural> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make();
 
    ~constellation_8psk_natural() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    constellation_8psk_natural();
};
 
/************************************************************/
/* constellation_16qam                                       */
/*                                                          */
/* the 16qam mapping used in set partition of tcm           */
/*                                                          */
/************************************************************/
 
/*!
 * \brief Digital constellation for 16qam.
 * \ingroup digital
 *
 * \details
 * \verbatim
1000   1101 | 1100   1001
           |
1111   1010 | 1011   1110
   -----------------
0100   0001 | 0000   0101
           |
0011   0110 | 0111   0010
   \endverbatim
 */
class DIGITAL_API constellation_16qam : public constellation
{
public:
    typedef std::shared_ptr<constellation_16qam> sptr;
 
    // public constructor
    static sptr make();
 
    ~constellation_16qam() override;
 
    unsigned int decision_maker(const gr_complex* sample) override;
 
protected:
    constellation_16qam();
};
 
} /* namespace digital */
} /* namespace gr */
 
#endif /* INCLUDED_DIGITAL_CONSTELLATION_H */