digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est.h

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/* -*- c++ -*- */
/*
 * Copyright 2011 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 * 
 * This file is part of GNU Radio
 * 
 * GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
 * any later version.
 * 
 * GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 * 
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to
 * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,
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 */
#ifndef INCLUDED_DIGITAL_IMPL_MPSK_SNR_EST_H
#define INCLUDED_DIGITAL_IMPL_MPSK_SNR_EST_H

#include <digital_api.h>
#include <gr_sync_block.h>

//! Enum for the type of SNR estimator to select
/*! \ingroup snr_blk
 *  \anchor ref_snr_est_types
 *
 * Below are some ROUGH estimates of what values of SNR each of these
 * types of estimators is good for. In general, these offer a
 * trade-off between accuracy and performance.
 *
 * \li SNR_EST_SIMPLE:  Simple estimator (>= 7 dB)
 * \li SNR_EST_SKEW:    Skewness-base est (>= 5 dB)
 * \li SNR_EST_M2M4:    2nd & 4th moment est (>= 1 dB)
 * \li SNR_EST_SVR:     SVR-based est (>= 0dB)
*/
enum snr_est_type_t {
  SNR_EST_SIMPLE = 0,   // Simple estimator (>= 7 dB)
  SNR_EST_SKEW,         // Skewness-base est (>= 5 dB)
  SNR_EST_M2M4,         // 2nd & 4th moment est (>= 1 dB)
  SNR_EST_SVR           // SVR-based est (>= 0dB)
};

/*! \brief A parent class for SNR estimators, specifically for M-PSK
 *  signals in AWGN channels.
 *  \ingroup snr_blk
 */
class DIGITAL_API digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est
{
 protected:
  double d_alpha, d_beta;

 public:
  /*! Constructor
   *
   *  Parameters:
   *  \param alpha: the update rate of internal running average
   *  calculations.
   */
  digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est(double alpha);
  virtual ~digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est();

  //! Get the running-average coefficient
  double alpha() const;

  //! Set the running-average coefficient
  void set_alpha(double alpha);

  //! Update the current registers
  virtual int update(int noutput_items,
                     const gr_complex *in);

  //! Use the register values to compute a new estimate
  virtual double snr();
};

  
//! \brief SNR Estimator using simple mean/variance estimates.
/*! \ingroup snr_blk
 *
 *  A very simple SNR estimator that just uses mean and variance
 *  estimates of an M-PSK constellation. This esimator is quick and
 *  cheap and accurate for high SNR (above 7 dB or so) but quickly
 *  starts to overestimate the SNR at low SNR.
 */
class DIGITAL_API digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_simple :
  public digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est
{
 private:
  double d_y1, d_y2;
  
 public:
  /*! Constructor
   *
   *  Parameters:
   *  \param alpha: the update rate of internal running average
   *  calculations.
   */
  digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_simple(double alpha);
  ~digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_simple() {}

  int update(int noutput_items,
             const gr_complex *in);
  double snr();
};


//! \brief SNR Estimator using skewness correction.
/*!  \ingroup snr_blk
 *
 *  This is an estimator that came from a discussion between Tom
 *  Rondeau and fred harris with no known paper reference. The idea is
 *  that at low SNR, the variance estimations will be affected because
 *  of fold-over around the decision boundaries, which results in a
 *  skewness to the samples. We estimate the skewness and use this as
 *  a correcting term.
 */
class DIGITAL_API digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_skew :
  public digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est
{
 private:
  double d_y1, d_y2, d_y3;
  
 public:
  /*! Constructor
   *
   *  Parameters:
   *  \param alpha: the update rate of internal running average
   *  calculations.
   */
  digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_skew(double alpha);
  ~digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_skew() {}

  int update(int noutput_items,
             const gr_complex *in);
  double snr();
};


//! \brief SNR Estimator using 2nd and 4th-order moments.
/*! \ingroup snr_blk
 *
 *  An SNR estimator for M-PSK signals that uses 2nd (M2) and 4th (M4)
 *  order moments. This estimator uses knowledge of the kurtosis of
 *  the signal (k_a) and noise (k_w) to make its estimation. We use
 *  Beaulieu's approximations here to M-PSK signals and AWGN channels
 *  such that k_a=1 and k_w=2. These approximations significantly
 *  reduce the complexity of the calculations (and computations)
 *  required.
 *
 *  Reference:
 *  D. R. Pauluzzi and N. C. Beaulieu, "A comparison of SNR
 *  estimation techniques for the AWGN channel," IEEE
 *  Trans. Communications, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 1681-1691, 2000.
 */
class DIGITAL_API digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_m2m4 :
  public digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est
{
 private:
  double d_y1, d_y2;
  
 public:
  /*! Constructor
   *
   *  Parameters:
   *  \param alpha: the update rate of internal running average
   *  calculations.
   */
  digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_m2m4(double alpha);
  ~digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_m2m4() {}

  int update(int noutput_items,
             const gr_complex *in);
  double snr();
};


//! \brief SNR Estimator using 2nd and 4th-order moments.
/*!  \ingroup snr_blk
 *
 *  An SNR estimator for M-PSK signals that uses 2nd (M2) and 4th (M4)
 *  order moments. This estimator uses knowledge of the kurtosis of
 *  the signal (k_a) and noise (k_w) to make its estimation. In this
 *  case, you can set your own estimations for k_a and k_w, the
 *  kurtosis of the signal and noise, to fit this estimation better to
 *  your signal and channel conditions.
 *
 *  A word of warning: this estimator has not been fully tested or
 *  proved with any amount of rigor. The estimation for M4 in
 *  particular might be ignoring effectf of when k_a and k_w are
 *  different. Use this estimator with caution and a copy of the
 *  reference on hand.
 *
 *  The digital_mpsk_snr_est_m2m4 assumes k_a and k_w to simplify the
 *  computations for M-PSK and AWGN channels. Use that estimator
 *  unless you have a way to guess or estimate these values here.
 *
 *  Original paper: 
 *  R. Matzner, "An SNR estimation algorithm for complex baseband
 *  signal using higher order statistics," Facta Universitatis
 *  (Nis), no. 6, pp. 41-52, 1993.
 *
 *  Reference used in derivation:
 *  D. R. Pauluzzi and N. C. Beaulieu, "A comparison of SNR
 *  estimation techniques for the AWGN channel," IEEE
 *  Trans. Communications, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 1681-1691, 2000.
 */
class DIGITAL_API digital_impl_snr_est_m2m4 :
  public digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est
{
 private:
  double d_y1, d_y2;
  double d_ka, d_kw;
  
 public:
  /*! Constructor
   *
   *  Parameters:
   *  \param alpha: the update rate of internal running average
   *  calculations.
   *  \param ka: estimate of the signal kurtosis (1 for PSK)
   *  \param kw: estimate of the channel noise kurtosis (2 for AWGN)
   */
  digital_impl_snr_est_m2m4(double alpha, double ka, double kw);
  ~digital_impl_snr_est_m2m4() {}

  int update(int noutput_items,
             const gr_complex *in);
  double snr();
};


//! \brief Signal-to-Variation Ratio SNR Estimator.
/*! \ingroup snr_blk
 *
 *  This estimator actually comes from an SNR estimator for M-PSK
 *  signals in fading channels, but this implementation is
 *  specifically for AWGN channels. The math was simplified to assume
 *  a signal and noise kurtosis (k_a and k_w) for M-PSK signals in
 *  AWGN. These approximations significantly reduce the complexity of
 *  the calculations (and computations) required.
 *
 *  Original paper:
 *  A. L. Brandao, L. B. Lopes, and D. C. McLernon, "In-service
 *  monitoring of multipath delay and cochannel interference for
 *  indoor mobile communication systems," Proc. IEEE
 *  Int. Conf. Communications, vol. 3, pp. 1458-1462, May 1994.
 *
 *  Reference:
 *  D. R. Pauluzzi and N. C. Beaulieu, "A comparison of SNR
 *  estimation techniques for the AWGN channel," IEEE
 *  Trans. Communications, Vol. 48, No. 10, pp. 1681-1691, 2000.
 */
class DIGITAL_API digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_svr :
  public digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est
{
 private:
  double d_y1, d_y2;
  
 public:
  /*! Constructor
   *
   *  Parameters:
   *  \param alpha: the update rate of internal running average
   *  calculations.
   */
  digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_svr(double alpha);
  ~digital_impl_mpsk_snr_est_svr() {}

  int update(int noutput_items,
             const gr_complex *in);
  double snr();
};

#endif /* INCLUDED_DIGITAL_IMPL_MPSK_SNR_EST_H */