/* -*- c++ -*- */ /* * Copyright 2007,2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. * * This file is part of GNU Radio * * GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by * the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option) * any later version. * * GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the * GNU General Public License for more details. * * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License * along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to * the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, * Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA. */ #ifndef INCLUDED_VOCODER_CVSD_ENCODER_SB_H #define INCLUDED_VOCODER_CVSD_ENCODER_SB_H #include <gnuradio/vocoder/api.h> #include <gnuradio/sync_decimator.h> namespace gr { namespace vocoder { /*! * \brief This block performs CVSD audio encoding. Its design and * implementation is modeled after the CVSD encoder/decoder * specifications defined in the Bluetooth standard. * \ingroup audio_blk * * \details * CVSD is a method for encoding speech that seeks to reduce the * bandwidth required for digital voice transmission. CVSD takes * advantage of strong correlation between samples, quantizing the * difference in amplitude between two consecutive samples. This * difference requires fewer quantization levels as compared to * other methods that quantize the actual amplitude level, * reducing the bandwidth. CVSD employs a two level quantizer * (one bit) and an adaptive algorithm that allows for continuous * step size adjustment. * * The coder can represent low amplitude signals with accuracy * without sacrificing performance on large amplitude signals, a * trade off that occurs in some non-adaptive modulations. * * The CVSD encoder effectively provides 8-to-1 compression. More * specifically, each incoming audio sample is compared to an * internal reference value. If the input is greater or equal to * the reference, the encoder outputs a "1" bit. If the input is * less than the reference, the encoder outputs a "0" bit. The * reference value is then updated accordingly based on the * frequency of outputted "1" or "0" bits. By grouping 8 outputs * bits together, the encoder essentially produce one output byte * for every 8 input audio samples. * * This encoder requires that input audio samples are 2-byte short * signed integers. The result bandwidth conversion, therefore, * is 16 input bytes of raw audio data to 1 output byte of encoded * audio data. * * The CVSD encoder module must be prefixed by an up-converter to * over-sample the audio data prior to encoding. The Bluetooth * standard specifically calls for a 1-to-8 interpolating * up-converter. While this reduces the overall compression of * the codec, this is required so that the encoder can accurately * compute the slope between adjacent audio samples and correctly * update its internal reference value. * * References: * * 1. Continuously Variable Slope Delta Modulation (CVSD) A Tutorial, * Available: http://www.eetkorea.com/ARTICLES/2003AUG/A/2003AUG29_NTEK_RFD_AN02.PDF. * * 2. Specification of The Bluetooth System * Available: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/15/Bluetooth/core_10_b.pdf. * * 3. McGarrity, S., Bluetooth Full Duplex Voice and Data Transmission. 2002. * Bluetooth Voice Simulink Model, Available: * http://www.mathworks.com/company/newsletters/digest/nov01/bluetooth.html */ class VOCODER_API cvsd_encode_sb : virtual public sync_decimator { public: // gr::vocoder::cvsd_encode_sb::sptr typedef boost::shared_ptr<cvsd_encode_sb> sptr; /*! * \brief Constructor parameters to initialize the CVSD encoder. * The default values are modeled after the Bluetooth standard and * should not be changed except by an advanced user * * \param min_step Minimum step size used to update the internal reference. Default: "10" * \param max_step Maximum step size used to update the internal reference. Default: "1280" * \param step_decay Decay factor applied to step size when there is not a run of J output 1s or 0s. * Default: "0.9990234375" (i.e. 1-1/1024) * \param accum_decay Decay factor applied to the internal reference during every iteration of the codec. * Default: "0.96875" (i.e. 1-1/32) * \param K Size of shift register; the number of output bits remembered by codec (must be <= to 32). * Default: "32" * \param J Number of bits in the shift register that are equal; i.e. the size of a run of 1s, 0s. * Default: "4" * \param pos_accum_max Maximum integer value allowed for the internal reference. * Default: "32767" (2^15 - 1 or MAXSHORT) * \param neg_accum_max Minimum integer value allowed for the internal reference. * Default: "-32767" (-2^15 + 1 or MINSHORT+1) */ static sptr make(short min_step=10, short max_step=1280, double step_decay=0.9990234375, double accum_decay= 0.96875, int K=32, int J=4, short pos_accum_max=32767, short neg_accum_max=-32767); virtual short min_step() = 0; virtual short max_step() = 0; virtual double step_decay() = 0; virtual double accum_decay() = 0; virtual int K() = 0; virtual int J() = 0; virtual short pos_accum_max() = 0; virtual short neg_accum_max() = 0; }; } /* namespace vocoder */ } /* namespace gr */ #endif /* INCLUDED_VOCODER_CVSD_ENCODE_SB_H */