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| 1 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | #
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| 2 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # Copyright 2004,2005 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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| 3 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | #
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| 4 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # This file is part of GNU Radio
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| 5 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | #
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| 6 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # GNU Radio is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
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| 7 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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| 8 | 937b719d | eb | # the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
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| 9 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # any later version.
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| 10 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | #
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| 11 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # GNU Radio is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
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| 12 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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| 13 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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| 14 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # GNU General Public License for more details.
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| 15 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | #
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| 16 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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| 17 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # along with GNU Radio; see the file COPYING. If not, write to
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| 18 | 86f5c924 | eb | # the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street,
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| 19 | 86f5c924 | eb | # Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA.
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| 20 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | #
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| 21 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 22 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | '''
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| 23 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | Routines for designing optimal FIR filters.
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| 24 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 25 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | For a great intro to how all this stuff works, see section 6.6 of
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| 26 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | "Digital Signal Processing: A Practical Approach", Emmanuael C. Ifeachor
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| 27 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | and Barrie W. Jervis, Adison-Wesley, 1993. ISBN 0-201-54413-X.
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| 28 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | '''
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| 29 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 30 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | import math |
| 31 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | from gnuradio import gr |
| 32 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 33 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | remez = gr.remez |
| 34 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 35 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # ----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 36 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 37 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def low_pass (gain, Fs, freq1, freq2, passband_ripple_db, stopband_atten_db, |
| 38 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | nextra_taps=0):
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| 39 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | passband_dev = passband_ripple_to_dev (passband_ripple_db) |
| 40 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | stopband_dev = stopband_atten_to_dev (stopband_atten_db) |
| 41 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | desired_ampls = (gain, 0)
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| 42 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | (n, fo, ao, w) = remezord ([freq1, freq2], desired_ampls, |
| 43 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | [passband_dev, stopband_dev], Fs) |
| 44 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | taps = gr.remez (n + nextra_taps, fo, ao, w, "bandpass")
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| 45 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return taps
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| 46 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 47 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # FIXME high_passs is broken...
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| 48 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def high_pass (Fs, freq1, freq2, stopband_atten_db, passband_ripple_db, |
| 49 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | nextra_taps=0):
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| 50 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | """FIXME: broken"""
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| 51 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | passband_dev = passband_ripple_to_dev (passband_ripple_db) |
| 52 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | stopband_dev = stopband_atten_to_dev (stopband_atten_db) |
| 53 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | desired_ampls = (0, 1) |
| 54 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | (n, fo, ao, w) = remezord ([freq1, freq2], desired_ampls, |
| 55 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | [stopband_dev, passband_dev], Fs) |
| 56 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | taps = gr.remez (n + nextra_taps, fo, ao, w, "bandpass")
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| 57 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return taps
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| 58 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 59 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # ----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 60 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 61 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def stopband_atten_to_dev (atten_db): |
| 62 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | """Convert a stopband attenuation in dB to an absolute value"""
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| 63 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return 10**(-atten_db/20) |
| 64 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 65 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def passband_ripple_to_dev (ripple_db): |
| 66 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | """Convert passband ripple spec expressed in dB to an absolute value"""
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| 67 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return (10**(ripple_db/20)-1)/(10**(ripple_db/20)+1) |
| 68 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 69 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # ----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 70 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 71 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def remezord (fcuts, mags, devs, fsamp = 2): |
| 72 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | '''
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| 73 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | FIR order estimator (lowpass, highpass, bandpass, mulitiband).
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| 74 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 75 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | (n, fo, ao, w) = remezord (f, a, dev)
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| 76 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | (n, fo, ao, w) = remezord (f, a, dev, fs)
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| 77 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 78 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | (n, fo, ao, w) = remezord (f, a, dev) finds the approximate order,
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| 79 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | normalized frequency band edges, frequency band amplitudes, and
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| 80 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | weights that meet input specifications f, a, and dev, to use with
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| 81 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | the remez command.
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| 82 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 83 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | * f is a sequence of frequency band edges (between 0 and Fs/2, where
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| 84 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | Fs is the sampling frequency), and a is a sequence specifying the
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| 85 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | desired amplitude on the bands defined by f. The length of f is
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| 86 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | twice the length of a, minus 2. The desired function is
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| 87 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | piecewise constant.
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| 88 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 89 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | * dev is a sequence the same size as a that specifies the maximum
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| 90 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | allowable deviation or ripples between the frequency response
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| 91 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | and the desired amplitude of the output filter, for each band.
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| 92 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 93 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | Use remez with the resulting order n, frequency sequence fo,
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| 94 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | amplitude response sequence ao, and weights w to design the filter b
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| 95 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | which approximately meets the specifications given by remezord
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| 96 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | input parameters f, a, and dev:
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| 97 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 98 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | b = remez (n, fo, ao, w)
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| 99 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 100 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | (n, fo, ao, w) = remezord (f, a, dev, Fs) specifies a sampling frequency Fs.
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| 101 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 102 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | Fs defaults to 2 Hz, implying a Nyquist frequency of 1 Hz. You can
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| 103 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | therefore specify band edges scaled to a particular applications
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| 104 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | sampling frequency.
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| 105 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 106 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | In some cases remezord underestimates the order n. If the filter
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| 107 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | does not meet the specifications, try a higher order such as n+1
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| 108 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | or n+2.
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| 109 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ''' |
| 110 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # get local copies
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| 111 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | fcuts = fcuts[:] |
| 112 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | mags = mags[:] |
| 113 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | devs = devs[:] |
| 114 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 115 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for i in range (len (fcuts)): |
| 116 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | fcuts[i] = float (fcuts[i]) / fsamp
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| 117 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 118 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | nf = len (fcuts)
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| 119 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | nm = len (mags)
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| 120 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | nd = len (devs)
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| 121 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | nbands = nm |
| 122 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 123 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | if nm != nd:
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| 124 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | raise ValueError, "Length of mags and devs must be equal" |
| 125 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 126 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | if nf != 2 * (nbands - 1): |
| 127 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | raise ValueError, "Length of f must be 2 * len (mags) - 2" |
| 128 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 129 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for i in range (len (mags)): |
| 130 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | if mags[i] != 0: # if not stopband, get relative deviation |
| 131 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | devs[i] = devs[i] / mags[i] |
| 132 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 133 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # separate the passband and stopband edges
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| 134 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | f1 = fcuts[0::2] |
| 135 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | f2 = fcuts[1::2] |
| 136 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 137 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | n = 0
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| 138 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | min_delta = 2
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| 139 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for i in range (len (f1)): |
| 140 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | if f2[i] - f1[i] < min_delta:
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| 141 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | n = i |
| 142 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | min_delta = f2[i] - f1[i] |
| 143 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 144 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | if nbands == 2: |
| 145 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # lowpass or highpass case (use formula)
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| 146 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | l = lporder (f1[n], f2[n], devs[0], devs[1]) |
| 147 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | else:
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| 148 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # bandpass or multipass case
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| 149 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # try different lowpasses and take the worst one that
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| 150 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # goes through the BP specs
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| 151 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | l = 0
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| 152 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for i in range (1, nbands-1): |
| 153 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | l1 = lporder (f1[i-1], f2[i-1], devs[i], devs[i-1]) |
| 154 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | l2 = lporder (f1[i], f2[i], devs[i], devs[i+1])
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| 155 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | l = max (l, l1, l2)
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| 156 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 157 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | n = int (math.ceil (l)) - 1 # need order, not length for remez |
| 158 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 159 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # cook up remez compatible result
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| 160 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ff = [0] + fcuts + [1] |
| 161 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for i in range (1, len (ff) - 1): |
| 162 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ff[i] *= 2
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| 163 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 164 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | aa = [] |
| 165 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for a in mags: |
| 166 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | aa = aa + [a, a] |
| 167 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 168 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | max_dev = max (devs)
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| 169 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | wts = [1] * len(devs) |
| 170 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | for i in range (len (wts)): |
| 171 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | wts[i] = max_dev / devs[i] |
| 172 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 173 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return (n, ff, aa, wts)
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| 174 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 175 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | # ----------------------------------------------------------------
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| 176 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 177 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def lporder (freq1, freq2, delta_p, delta_s): |
| 178 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | '''
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| 179 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | FIR lowpass filter length estimator. freq1 and freq2 are
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| 180 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | normalized to the sampling frequency. delta_p is the passband
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| 181 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | deviation (ripple), delta_s is the stopband deviation (ripple).
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| 182 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 183 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | Note, this works for high pass filters too (freq1 > freq2), but
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| 184 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | doesnt work well if the transition is near f == 0 or f == fs/2
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| 185 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 186 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | From Herrmann et al (1973), Practical design rules for optimum
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| 187 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | finite impulse response filters. Bell System Technical J., 52, 769-99
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| 188 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ''' |
| 189 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | df = abs (freq2 - freq1)
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| 190 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ddp = math.log10 (delta_p) |
| 191 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | dds = math.log10 (delta_s) |
| 192 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 193 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a1 = 5.309e-3
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| 194 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a2 = 7.114e-2
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| 195 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a3 = -4.761e-1
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| 196 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a4 = -2.66e-3
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| 197 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a5 = -5.941e-1
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| 198 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a6 = -4.278e-1
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| 199 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 200 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | b1 = 11.01217
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| 201 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | b2 = 0.5124401
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| 202 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 203 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t1 = a1 * ddp * ddp |
| 204 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t2 = a2 * ddp |
| 205 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t3 = a4 * ddp * ddp |
| 206 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t4 = a5 * ddp |
| 207 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 208 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | dinf=((t1 + t2 + a3) * dds) + (t3 + t4 + a6) |
| 209 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ff = b1 + b2 * (ddp - dds) |
| 210 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | n = dinf / df - ff * df + 1
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| 211 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return n
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| 212 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 213 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 214 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | def bporder (freq1, freq2, delta_p, delta_s): |
| 215 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | '''
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| 216 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | FIR bandpass filter length estimator. freq1 and freq2 are
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| 217 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | normalized to the sampling frequency. delta_p is the passband
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| 218 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | deviation (ripple), delta_s is the stopband deviation (ripple).
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| 219 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 220 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | From Mintzer and Liu (1979)
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| 221 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ''' |
| 222 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | df = abs (freq2 - freq1)
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| 223 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ddp = math.log10 (delta_p) |
| 224 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | dds = math.log10 (delta_s) |
| 225 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 226 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a1 = 0.01201
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| 227 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a2 = 0.09664
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| 228 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a3 = -0.51325
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| 229 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a4 = 0.00203
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| 230 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a5 = -0.57054
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| 231 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | a6 = -0.44314
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| 232 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 233 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t1 = a1 * ddp * ddp |
| 234 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t2 = a2 * ddp |
| 235 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t3 = a4 * ddp * ddp |
| 236 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | t4 = a5 * ddp |
| 237 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | |
| 238 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | cinf = dds * (t1 + t2 + a3) + t3 + t4 + a6 |
| 239 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | ginf = -14.6 * math.log10 (delta_p / delta_s) - 16.9 |
| 240 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | n = cinf / df + ginf * df + 1
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| 241 | 5d69a524 | jcorgan | return n
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